Electromagnetic fields around black holes and Meissner effect

TL;DR

This paper reviews how magnetic fields interact with black holes, focusing on the flux expulsion phenomenon near extremal states across various theories including string theory.

Contribution

It provides a comprehensive review of electromagnetic field behavior around black holes, emphasizing the flux expulsion effect in different theoretical frameworks.

Findings

Flux expulsion occurs in extremal black holes across multiple theories.

The effect is observed in both classical and string/Kaluza-Klein black hole solutions.

External magnetic fields are expelled as black holes approach extremality.

Abstract

The work on black holes immersed in external stationary magnetic fields is reviewed in both test-field approximation and within exact solutions. In particular we pay attention to the effect of the expulsion of the flux of external fields across charged and rotating black holes which are approaching extremal states. Recently this effect has been shown to occur for black hole solutions in string theory and Kaluza-Klein theory.