Global embeddings of scalar-tensor theories in (2+1)-dimensions

TL;DR

This paper constructs global flat embeddings for various scalar-tensor black hole solutions in (2+1)-dimensions, extending the GEMS approach to modified BTZ black holes with parameters B or L.

Contribution

It provides explicit (3+3) or (3+2)-dimensional flat embeddings for scalar-tensor black holes, generalizing the GEMS framework beyond standard BTZ solutions.

Findings

Derived embeddings for uncharged and charged scalar-tensor black holes.

Reduced limiting cases to known BTZ black hole embeddings.

Extended GEMS methodology to modified (2+1)-dimensional black holes.

Abstract

We obtain (3+3)- or (3+2)-dimensional global flat embeddings of four uncharged and charged scalar-tensor theories with the parameters B or L in the (2+1)-dimensions, which are the non-trivially modified versions of the Banados-Teitelboim-Zanelli (BTZ) black holes. The limiting cases B=0 or L=0 exactly are reduced to the Global Embedding Minkowski Space (GEMS) solution of the BTZ black holes.