Boson Condensation in an Einstein Universe

TL;DR

This paper studies Bose-Einstein condensation of massive spin-1 particles in an Einstein universe, considering relativistic effects, particle-antiparticle pairs, and finite-size and curvature influences.

Contribution

It provides an exact charge density expression and closed-form solutions considering relativistic, finite-size, and spin-curvature effects in an Einstein universe.

Findings

Derived exact charge density expression.

Obtained closed-form solutions under approximations.

Discussed effects of finite size and spin-curvature coupling.

Abstract

In this paper we investigate the Bose-Einstein condensation of massive spin-1 particles in an Einstein universe. The system is considered under relativistic conditions taking into consideration the possibility of particle-antiparticle pair production. An exact expression for the charge density is obtained, then certain approximations are employed in order to obtain the solutions in closed form. A discussion of the approximations employed in this and other work is given. The effects of finite-size and spin-curvature coupling are emphasized.