Trustworthy 100-Year Digital Objects: Durable Encoding for When It's Too Late to Ask

TL;DR

This paper proposes a virtual machine-based approach to reliably preserve digital data, including executable procedures, for long-term access, addressing limitations of previous methods that conflate data with current technology details.

Contribution

It introduces a durable encoding method using virtual machines to preserve any data type, focusing on executable procedures, and provides practical strategies for various file complexities.

Findings

A virtual machine can represent and render any data type reliably.

The approach supports long-term preservation of executable procedures.

Practical methods are sketched for preserving files from simple to complex structures.

Abstract

How can an author store digital information so that it will be reliably useful, even years later when he is no longer available to answer questions? Methods that might work are not good enough; what is preserved today should be reliably useful whenever someone wants it. Prior proposals fail because they confound saved data with irrelevant details of today's information technology--details that are difficult to define, extract, and save completely and accurately. We use a virtual machine to represent and eventually to render any data whatsoever. We focus on a case of intermediate difficulty--an executable procedure--and identify a variant for every other data type. This solution might be more elaborate than needed to render some text, image, audio, or video data. Simple data can be preserved as representations using well-known standards. We sketch practical methods for files ranging from simple structures to those containing computer programs, treating simple cases here and deferring complex cases for future work. Enough of the complete solution is known to enable practical aggressive preservation programs today.