Copyright and Creativity: Authors and Photographers

TL;DR

This paper explores the historical evolution of authors and photographers, highlighting how occupational innovation and creativity in organizing work influenced their societal roles and success, beyond copyright considerations.

Contribution

It provides a historical analysis of the changing roles of authors and photographers, emphasizing occupational innovation's impact on creative success.

Findings

Authors grew faster than photographers over the 20th century.

Photographers were more associated with technical skills and manufacturing.

Authors' success linked to occupational innovation and creative organization.

Abstract

The history of the occupations "author" and "photographer" provides an insightful perspective on copyright and creativity. The concept of the romantic author, associated with personal creative genius, gained prominence in the eighteenth century. However, in the U.S. in 1900 only about three thousand persons professed their occupation to be "author." Self-professed "photographers" were then about ten times as numerous as authors. Being a photographer was associated with manufacturing and depended only on mastering technical skills and making a living. Being an author, in contrast, was an elite status associated with science and literature. Across the twentieth century, the number of writers and authors grew much more rapidly than the number of photographers. The relative success of writers and authors in creating jobs seems to have depended not on differences in copyright or possibilities for self-production, but on greater occupational innovation. Creativity in organizing daily work is an important form of creativity.