A Modal Logic Framework for Multi-agent Belief Fusion

TL;DR

This paper introduces a unified modal logic framework for multi-agent belief fusion, allowing reasoning about cautious belief merging strategies and their properties, with extensions to belief revision operators.

Contribution

It develops novel modal logics for cautious multi-agent belief fusion, incorporating reliability orderings and directly embedding fusion operators into the logic language.

Findings

Formal semantics and axioms for level cutting and level skipping strategies

Logic extensions for complex belief fusion and revision operators

Ability to reason about both merged beliefs and the fusion process

Abstract

This paper is aimed at providing a uniform framework for reasoning about beliefs of multiple agents and their fusion. In the first part of the paper, we develop logics for reasoning about cautiously merged beliefs of agents with different degrees of reliability. The logics are obtained by combining the multi-agent epistemic logic and multi-sources reasoning systems. Every ordering for the reliability of the agents is represented by a modal operator, so we can reason with the merged results under different situations. The fusion is cautious in the sense that if an agent's belief is in conflict with those of higher priorities, then his belief is completely discarded from the merged result. We consider two strategies for the cautious merging of beliefs. In the first one, if inconsistency occurs at some level, then all beliefs at the lower levels are discarded simultaneously, so it is called level cutting strategy. For the second one, only the level at which the inconsistency occurs is skipped, so it is called level skipping strategy. The formal semantics and axiomatic systems for these two strategies are presented. In the second part, we extend the logics both syntactically and semantically to cover some more sophisticated belief fusion and revision operators. While most existing approaches treat belief fusion operators as meta-level constructs, these operators are directly incorporated into our object logic language. Thus it is possible to reason not only with the merged results but also about the fusion process in our logics. The relationship of our extended logics with the conditional logics of belief revision is also discussed.