Metastabilities in vortex matter

TL;DR

This paper extends classical supercooling theory to include both density and temperature as control variables, demonstrating path-dependent metastability in vortex matter with experimental validation in superconducting CeRu$_2$.

Contribution

It introduces a generalized framework for metastability in vortex matter considering path dependence in (H,T) space, supported by experimental observations.

Findings

Metastability regions depend on the path in (H,T) space.

Supercooled states observed in CeRu$_2$ show path-dependent metastability.

Path dependence of metastability may differ from classical supercooling predictions.

Abstract

We extend the classical theory for supercooling across first order phase transitions to the case when both density and temperature are control variables. The observable region of metastability then depends on the path followed in this space of two variables. Since the density of vortex matter in superconductors can be easily varied over a wide range by varying applied field, it is ideal for experimental tests. We found, in our studies on the `peak effect' in the mixed state of superconducting CeRu$_2$, supercooled states whose observable region of metastability depends on the path followed in (H,T) space, consistent with our predictions. We also discuss phenomena in hard superconductors that are well understood within Bean's critical state model. We conclude that the path dependence of metastablity associated with hindered kinetics may be opposite to that predicted for metastability associated with supercooling across a first order transition.