Quantum Computation and Spin Electronics

TL;DR

This paper reviews the intersection of mesoscopic physics and quantum computing, focusing on experimental approaches, criteria for realization, and quantum information transport in electron spin systems and quantum dots.

Contribution

It provides a comprehensive overview of experimental methods and criteria for quantum computing using spin states in solid-state systems and analyzes quantum information transport in mesoscopic structures.

Findings

Quantum dots can be used for spin-based quantum computation.

Transport and noise measurements can detect electron entanglement.

Criteria for quantum computer realization influence solid-state quantum computing approaches.

Abstract

In this chapter we explore the connection between mesoscopic physics and quantum computing. After giving a bibliography providing a general introduction to the subject of quantum information processing, we review the various approaches that are being considered for the experimental implementation of quantum computing and quantum communication in atomic physics, quantum optics, nuclear magnetic resonance, superconductivity, and, especially, normal-electron solid state physics. We discuss five criteria for the realization of a quantum computer and consider the implications that these criteria have for quantum computation using the spin states of single-electron quantum dots. Finally, we consider the transport of quantum information via the motion of individual electrons in mesoscopic structures; specific transport and noise measurements in coupled quantum dot geometries for detecting and characterizing electron-state entanglement are analyzed.