Bose-Einstein Condensation in a Constant Magnetic Field

TL;DR

This paper investigates Bose-Einstein condensation of charged particles under magnetic fields, revealing conditions for macroscopic ground state occupation and implications for superconductivity and cosmology.

Contribution

It extends Bose-Einstein condensation theory to charged particles in magnetic fields, including relativistic cases, and explores potential superconductivity and cosmological phenomena.

Findings

Characteristic temperature for ground state macroscopic occupation.

Support for superconductivity in strong magnetic fields.

Prediction of superconductive-ferromagnetic behavior in vector fields.

Abstract

We discuss the occurrence of Bose-Einstein condensation in systems of noninteracting charged particles in three in one dimensions and in presence of an external magnetic field. In the one dimensional, as well as in the magnetic field cases, although not a critical temperature, a characteristic temperature can be found, corresponding to the case in which the ground state density becomes a macroscopic fraction of the total density. The case of relativistic charged scalar and vector particles is studied. The results obtainedgive support to the existence of superconductivity in extremely strong magnetic fields, and leads to the prediction of superconductive-ferromagnetic behavior in the vector field case, which might be of interest in condensed matter as well as in cosmology. Some features of the magnetization in the early universe are conjectured.