Critical Temperature and Nonextensivity in Long-range Interacting Lennard-Jones-like Fluids

TL;DR

This study uses molecular dynamics to explore how long-range interactions affect critical temperature and nonextensivity in Lennard-Jones-like fluids, revealing a unification of extensive and nonextensive regimes.

Contribution

It demonstrates the finite behavior of critical variables in nonextensive regimes and proposes a unification framework for extensive and nonextensive systems.

Findings

Critical temperature and pressure are finite for  >  and diverge for  .

Rescaled critical variables remain finite across all , unifying the regimes.

Results have implications for gravitation and special fluids.

Abstract

Molecular dynamic simulations for systems with $D=2,3$ Lennard-Jones-like interactions are studied. In the model, we assume that, at long distances, the two-body attractive potential decays as $r^{-\alpha}$. Thermodynamic extensivity (nonextensivity) is observed for $\alpha > D$ ($0\leq \alpha \leq D$). Particular attention is payed to the liquid-gas critical point located, in the temperature-pressure plane, at ($T_c,P_c$). ($T_c,P_c$) are, in the $N\to \infty$ limit ($N\equiv$ number of molecules), {\em finite} for $\alpha > D$ and {\em diverge} for $\alpha \leq D$ (as $(\alpha - D)^{-1}$ for $\alpha/D \to 1 + 0$). However, the variables $T_c^* \equiv T_c/N^*$ and $P_c^* \equiv P_c/N^*$ with $N^* \equiv [N^{1-\alpha/D} -1]/[1-\alpha/D]$ remain {\em finite for all} $\alpha$. Thus, the extensive and nonextensive regions become unified, as recently conjectured. These results should be useful for discussing gravitation and some special fluids