Measuring effective temperatures in out-of-equilibrium driven systems

TL;DR

This paper presents a model for measuring effective temperatures in driven glassy systems, revealing that slow thermometers can measure higher temperatures than the environment, but these do not always match the effective temperature from Fluctuation-Dissipation violations.

Contribution

It introduces and solves a model for thermometric measurement in driven glassy systems, clarifying the relationship between measured and effective temperatures.

Findings

Slow thermometers measure higher temperatures than the environment.

Measured temperature often differs from the effective temperature from Fluctuation-Dissipation violations.

The model provides insights into temperature measurement in nonequilibrium systems.

Abstract

We introduce and solve a model of a thermometric measurement on a driven glassy system in a stationary state. We show that a thermometer with a sufficiently slow response measures a temperature higher than that of the environment, but that the measured temperature does not usually coincide with the effective temperature related to the violation of the Fluctuation-Dissipation Theorem.