Lexicon of Topological Defects in He-3 Superfluids

TL;DR

This paper provides a comprehensive overview of the various topological defects in superfluid He-3, detailing their types, stability, and experimental confirmations in different phases.

Contribution

It offers the first detailed inventory of topological defect structures in superfluid He-3, including their classification and experimental evidence.

Findings

Identifies point-like defects, vortex lines, and domain walls in He-3 superfluids.

Classifies defects based on topological stability and phase.

Provides visual illustrations of defect structures.

Abstract

Defects in the multi-dimensional macroscopic quantum field of the He-3 superfluids are localized objects with a topological charge and are topologically stable. They include point-like objects, vortex lines, planar domain-wall-like structures, and 3-dimensional textures, which may or may not include singular points or lines. An inventory of illustrations is presented which concisely lists the different experimentally confirmed defect structures in the A and B phases of superfluid He-3.