Phase-coherent tunneling through mesoscopic superconductor coupled with superconducting and normal metal electrodes

TL;DR

This paper investigates phase-coherent tunneling in mesoscopic superconductor/normal metal structures, revealing how weak electron pairing interactions significantly influence conductance behavior, including non-monotonic I-V characteristics and phase-dependent oscillations.

Contribution

It introduces a detailed analysis of phase-coherent tunneling in mesoscopic hybrid structures, highlighting the impact of weak pairing interactions on conductance and phase-dependent effects.

Findings

Low voltage conductance can exceed normal state conductance due to Andreev reflection.

Weak pairing interactions significantly alter conductance temperature dependence.

Differential conductance can become negative with increasing voltage.

Abstract

Phase-coherent diffusive transport through mesoscopic hybrid superconductor/normal metal tunneling structures is investigated. For a N-s-S two-barrier tunneling system with bulk S and N electrodes coupled by a mesoscopic superconducting constriction s, zero-bias conductance and non-linear I-V curves are calculated under the assumption that the dwell times of quasiparticles in the s region is shorter than inelastic relaxation time. It is shown that the low voltage conductance of this system determined by the Andreev reflection processes may exceed the conductance in the normal state and its value is very sensitive to the weak pairing interaction of electrons in the s region. We show that even weak pairing electron interaction may result in the significant qualitative and quantitative change of the conductance temperature dependence with respect to the case of structures with the normal mesoscopic region. We calculate the I-V curves and show that they depend on the applied voltage in a non-monotonic way, therefore differential conductance becomes negative with increasing voltage. Such behavior is due to the voltage dependence of the order parameter in the constriction and the phase difference, phi, between the S and s superconductors. It is shown that if the tunneling processes determine the form of the quasiparticle distribution function in the s superconductor, the phase, phi, is stationary at arbitrary voltages. For quasiparticle tunneling interferometers in which the mesoscopic superconductor,s, couples the superconductor,S, and the normal metal,N, the zero bias conductance, as a function of the phase difference between the S electrodes is investigated. It is shown that the amplitude of the conductance oscillations may exceed the conductance of this structure in the normal state.