Plasmon excitation by charged particles interacting with metal surfaces

TL;DR

This paper investigates how charged particles can excite bulk plasmons in metal surfaces, revealing that bulk plasmons can be excited even without particle penetration, using quantum hydrodynamic and semi-classical models.

Contribution

It provides an explicit expression for bulk plasmon excitation probability by external charges, demonstrating the continuum of bulk plasmon excitations at each surface wave vector.

Findings

Bulk plasmons can be excited without particle penetration.

Existence of a continuum of bulk plasmon excitations for each surface wave vector.

Validation of results within semi-classical infinite-barrier model.

Abstract

Recent experiments (R. A. Baragiola and C. A. Dukes, Phys. Rev. Lett. {\bf 76}, 2547 (1996)) with slow ions incident at grazing angle on metal surfaces have shown that bulk plasmons are excited under conditions where the ions do not penetrate the surface, contrary to the usual statement that probes exterior to an electron gas do not couple to the bulk plasmon. We here use the quantized hydrodynamic model of the bounded electron gas to derive an explicit expression for the probability of bulk plasmon excitation by external charged particles moving parallel to the surface. Our results indicate that for each ${\bf q}$ (the surface plasmon wave vector) there exists a continuum of bulk plasmon excitations, which we also observe within the semi-classical infinite-barrier (SCIB) model of the surface.