Stability of self-consistent solutions for the Hubbard model at intermediate and strong coupling

TL;DR

This paper develops a comprehensive framework for analyzing the stability of self-consistent solutions in the Hubbard model, incorporating dynamical vertex corrections and identifying criteria for instabilities related to symmetry-breaking.

Contribution

It introduces a new stability analysis method within a parquet-type scheme, including dynamical vertices, and demonstrates its effectiveness in describing quantum critical points and phase transitions.

Findings

Static vertex approximations become unstable before phase transitions.

The developed scheme accurately captures quantum critical behavior.

The approach provides a stable, consistent theory for intermediate and strong coupling regimes.

Abstract

We present a general framework how to investigate stability of solutions within a single self-consistent renormalization scheme being a parquet-type extension of the Baym-Kadanoff construction of conserving approximations. To obtain a consistent description of one- and two-particle quantities, needed for the stability analysis, we impose equations of motion on the one- as well on the two-particle Green functions simultaneously and introduce approximations in their input, the completely irreducible two-particle vertex. Thereby we do not loose singularities caused by multiple two-particle scatterings. We find a complete set of stability criteria and show that each instability, singularity in a two-particle function, is connected with a symmetry-breaking order parameter, either of density type or anomalous. We explicitly study the Hubbard model at intermediate coupling and demonstrate that approximations with static vertices get unstable before a long-range order or a metal-insulator transition can be reached. We use the parquet approximation and turn it to a workable scheme with dynamical vertex corrections. We derive a qualitatively new theory with two-particle self-consistence, the complexity of which is comparable with FLEX-type approximations. We show that it is the simplest consistent and stable theory being able to describe qualitatively correctly quantum critical points and the transition from weak to strong coupling in correlated electron systems.