The Ground State of the ``Frozen'' Electron Phase in Two-Dimensional Narrow-Band Conductors with a Long-Range Interelectron Repulsion. Stripe Formation and Effective Lowering of Dimension

TL;DR

This paper investigates the ground state of a 'frozen' electron phase in two-dimensional narrow-band conductors with long-range repulsion, revealing universal stripe formation and effective dimensional reduction.

Contribution

It introduces a rigorous method to describe the ground state of such electron systems and links charge ordering in high-T_c superconductors to this phase.

Findings

Stripe formation is universal in the ground state.

Effective lowering of dimension occurs in the ground state.

Charge ordering in high-T_c superconductors indicates a 'frozen' electron phase.

Abstract

In narrow-band conductors a weakly screened Coulomb interelectron repulsion can supress narrow-band electrons' hopping, resulting in formation of a ``frozen'' electron phase which differs principally from any known macroscopic self-localized electron state including the Wigner crystal. In a zero-bandwidth limit the ``frozen'' electron phase is a classical lattice system with a long-range interparticle repulsion. The ground state of such systems has been considered in the case of two dimensions for an isotropic pair potential of the mutual particle repulsion. It has been shown that particle ordering into stripes and effective lowering of dimension universally resides in the ground state for any physically reasonable pair potential and for any geometry of the conductor lattice. On the basis of this fact a rigorous general procedure to fully describe the ground state has been formulated. Arguments have been adduced that charge ordering in High-T_c superconductors testifies to presence of a ``frozen'' electron phase in these systems.