Instability of Non-vortex State toward a Quantized Vortex in Bose-Einstein Condensate under External Rotation

TL;DR

This paper analyzes the conditions under which a non-vortex Bose-Einstein condensate becomes unstable and transitions to a vortex state under external rotation, providing a detailed phase diagram for experimental guidance.

Contribution

It presents a theoretical analysis of vortex formation instability using Bogoliubov theory, deriving critical angular velocities and stability conditions for BECs under rotation.

Findings

Critical angular velocity for vortex formation is identified.

A detailed phase diagram of stability regions is constructed.

Guidelines for vortex experiments in alkali atom gases are provided.

Abstract

The instability condition of the non-vortex state toward vortex formation is exa mined within the Bogoliubov theory when a Bose-Einstein condensate is under exte rnally forced rotation. The obtained critical angular velocity combined with the previous stability cond itions for a votex yields a detailed phase diagram in the critical velocity vs t he system parameter. This facilitates vortex formation experiments for alkali atom gases confined in a harmonic potential.