Multiple Andreev reflections in diffusive SNS structures

TL;DR

This study investigates multiple Andreev reflections in diffusive SNS junctions, revealing sub-gap structures and their dependence on bias voltage, temperature, and magnetic field, advancing understanding of mesoscopic superconducting devices.

Contribution

It provides new experimental insights into sub-gap structures and the behavior of Andreev reflections in diffusive SNS junctions with high transparency contacts.

Findings

Observation of sub-gap minima at specific bias voltages

Even sub-gap positions show distinct dips in differential resistance

Mutual spacing of dips is temperature-independent

Abstract

We report new measurements on sup-gap energy structure originating from multiple Andreev reflections in mesoscopic SNS junctions. The junctions were fabricated in a planar geometry with high transparency superconducting contacts of Al deposited on highly diffusive and surface d-doped n++-GaAs. For samples with a normal GaAs region of active length 0.3um the Josephson effect with a maximal supercurrent Ic=3mA at T=237mK was observed. The sub-gap structure was observed as a series of local minima in the differential resistance at dc bias voltages V=2D/ne with n=1,2,4 i.e. only the even sub-gap positions. While at V=2D/e (n=1) only one dip is observed, the n=2, and the n=4 sub-gap structures each consists of two separate dips in the differential resistance. The mutual spacing of these two dips is independent of temperature, and the mutual spacing of the n=4 dips is half of the spacing of the n=2 dips. The voltage bias positions of the sub-gap differential resistance minima coincide with the maxima in the oscillation amplitude when a magnetic field is applied in an interferometer configuration, where one of the superconducting electrodes has been replaced by a flux sensitive open loop.