Controlling Josephson transport by manipulation of Andreev levels in ballistic mesoscopic junctions

TL;DR

This paper explores how external controls like gates, currents, and radiation can manipulate Andreev levels to regulate dc Josephson current in mesoscopic junctions, with potential applications in advanced superconducting devices.

Contribution

It introduces methods to control Josephson current by manipulating Andreev levels through various external influences in ballistic mesoscopic junctions.

Findings

Control of Josephson current via external electrostatic gates.

Observation of giant Josephson current in long SIS junctions.

Potential applications in Josephson transistors and interference devices.

Abstract

We discuss how to control dc Josephson current by influencing the structure and nonequilibrium population of Andreev levels via external electrostatic gates, external current injection and electromagnetic radiation. In particular we will consider the "giant" Josephson current in "long" SIS tunnel junctions and the regular and anomalous nonequilibrium Josephson currents in three terminal SNS junctions. We will briefly discuss applications to the Josephson field effect transistor (JOFET) and to the newly invented Josephson interference transistor (JOINT).