Vortex Stabilization in Dilute Bose-Einstein Condensate Under Rotation

TL;DR

This paper investigates the stability of quantized vortices in rotating Bose-Einstein condensates using Bogoliubov theory, providing a phase diagram to identify conditions for vortex observation.

Contribution

It introduces a combined analysis of local and global vortex stability criteria and maps the stability phase diagram for rotating condensates.

Findings

Identified conditions for vortex stability based on excitation energy levels.

Mapped the stability phase diagram in rotation velocity and particle density.

Provided criteria to experimentally observe singly quantized vortices.

Abstract

The stability of a quantized vortex state in Bose-Einstein condensation is examined within Bogoliubov theory for alkali atom gases confined in a harmonic potential under forced rotation. By solving the non-linear Bogoliubov equations coupled with the Gross-Pitavskii equation, the elementary excitations and the total energy of the systems are calculated as a function of rotation velocity. There are two distinct criteria of vortex stability; The position of the excitation energy levels relative to the condensate energy level yields the local stability criterion, and the total energy relative to that of the non-vortex state yields the global stability criterion. The vortex stability phase diagram in the rotation velocity vs the particle density of the system is obtained, allowing one to locate the appropriate region to observe the singly quantized vortex.