Non Magnetic Impurities in the Spin-Gap Phase of the Cuprate

TL;DR

This paper provides an exact solution for the effects of non-magnetic impurities in the spin-gap phase of cuprates, revealing how impurities influence the density of states and magnetic correlations.

Contribution

It introduces an exact analytical approach to impurity effects in the staggered flux phase, modeling quasiparticles as 2D Dirac fermions and deriving impurity-induced density of states.

Findings

Impurity density of states scales as ni/(w ln^2(|w|/D)).

System shows quasi long-range order with correlations decreasing as ni/ln^4(R_ij).

Results align with NMR and neutron scattering data in cuprates.

Abstract

It is now well established that Zn doping of high-$T_C$ cuprates reduces their $T_C$ and triggers the appearence of a spin glass phase. In this context, we have solved exactly the problem of N non magnetic impurities in the staggered flux phase of the Heisenberg model which we assume to be a good mean-field approximation for the spin-gap phase of the cuprates. In this model, the quasiparticule spectrum has four nodes on the Fermi surface, and linearization of the spectrum in the neighbourhood of these nodes leads to a system of 2D Dirac fermions. In the presence of a macroscopic number of (non magnetic) impurities, the problem has a characteristic logarithmic structure that renders ineffective the usual perturbative expansions. We have used this logarithmic structure to calculate an exact solution. For a concentration ni of impurities in the unitary scattering limit, the additional density of states is found to be proportional to $ni/(w \ln^2 (|w|/D))$ (where D is the infrared cut-off of the linearized spectrum) in analogy with the 1D case of doped spin-Peierls and two-leg ladders compounds. We argue that the system exhibits a quasi long-range order at T=0 with instantaneous spin-spin correlations decreasing as $ni/ \ln^4 (ni/R_{ij})$ for large distances $R_{ij}$ between impurity sites. We predict enhanced low energy fluctuations and compare these results to NMR and inelastic neutron scattering experiments in the high-$T_C$ cuprates.