Observation of metastable states in spinor Bose-Einstein condensates
H.-J. Miesner, D.M. Stamper-Kurn, J. Stenger, S. Inouye, A. Chikkatur,, and W. Ketterle
TL;DR
This paper reports the observation of two types of long-lived metastable states in spinor Bose-Einstein condensates, revealing new insights into their stability and relaxation mechanisms.
Contribution
It presents the first experimental observation of metastable states due to component immiscibility and spin-relaxation suppression in F=1 sodium spinor BECs.
Findings
Observation of long-lived metastable states
Identification of metastability mechanisms
Relaxation processes including re-condensation and tunneling
Abstract
Bose-Einstein condensates have been prepared in long-lived metastable excited states. Two complementary types of metastable states were observed. The first is due to the immiscibility of multiple components in the condensate, and the second to local suppression of spin-relaxation collisions. Relaxation via re-condensation of non-condensed atoms, spin relaxation, and quantum tunneling was observed. These experiments were done with F=1 spinor Bose-Einstein condensates of sodium confined in an optical dipole trap.
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