The Markov approximation for the atomic output coupler

TL;DR

This paper investigates the conditions under which the Markov approximation is valid for modeling atomic output coupling in Bose-Einstein condensates, considering various coupling methods and physical effects.

Contribution

It determines the regimes of validity for the Markov approximation in atomic output coupling, including effects of gravity and collisions, enhancing theoretical modeling accuracy.

Findings

Validity regions for the Markov approximation identified

Applicability to radio-frequency and Raman output coupling analyzed

Implications for atom laser modeling discussed

Abstract

The regions of validity of the Markov approximation for the coupling of atoms out of an atomic trap are determined. We consider radio-frequency output coupling in the presence of gravity and collisional repulsion, and Raman output coupling. The Markov approximation is crucial in most theoretical descriptions of an atom laser that assume a continuous process of output coupling from a trapped Bose-Einstein condensate. In this regime many techniques proved to be useful for modeling the optical laser, such as master equations, can be used to describe the dynamics of the damping of the condensate mode undergoing output coupling.