Multi-step Bose-Einstein Condensation of Trapped Ideal Bose Gases

TL;DR

This paper investigates the multi-step Bose-Einstein condensation process in finite, non-interacting bosonic gases confined in anisotropic traps, revealing specific heat cusps linked to state crossover phenomena.

Contribution

It demonstrates the occurrence of multi-step BEC in finite systems and analyzes the associated thermodynamic signatures, expanding understanding of BEC in anisotropic traps.

Findings

Identification of multi-step BEC in finite gases

Cusp in specific heat linked to state crossover

Role of Bose functions in condensation behavior

Abstract

The Phenomenon of multi-step Bose-Einstein condensation (BEC) of a finite number of non-interacting bosons in anisotropic traps has been demonstrated by studing the populations on eight subsets of states. The cusp in the specific heat is found to be associated with the crossover between subsets of states involving Bose functions $g_{n}(z)$ of different classes, as specified by their behaviour at $z=1$. {PACS: 03.75.Fi, 05.30.-d, 64.60.-i}