Coupled quantum dots as quantum gates

TL;DR

This paper explores a novel quantum gate mechanism using electron spins in coupled semiconductor quantum dots, analyzing exchange interactions and methods to suppress dephasing for quantum computing applications.

Contribution

It introduces a detailed theoretical model of spin-based quantum gates in coupled quantum dots, including exchange coupling calculations and dephasing suppression techniques.

Findings

Exchange coupling J varies with magnetic and electric fields and inter-dot distance.

J changes sign at a finite magnetic field, causing a magnetization jump.

Dephasing from nuclear spins can be reduced by polarization and magnetic fields.

Abstract

We consider a new quantum gate mechanism based on electron spins in coupled semiconductor quantum dots. Such gates provide a general source of spin entanglement and can be used for quantum computers. We determine the exchange coupling J in the effective Heisenberg model as a function of magnetic (B) and electric fields, and of the inter-dot distance (a) within the Heitler-London approximation of molecular physics. This result is refined by using sp-hybridization, and by the Hund-Mulliken molecular-orbit approach which leads to an extended Hubbard description for the two-dot system that shows a remarkable dependence on B and a due to the long-range Coulomb interaction. We find that the exchange J changes sign at a finite field (leading to a pronounced jump in the magnetization) and then decays exponentially. The magnetization and the spin susceptibilities of the coupled dots are calculated. We show that the dephasing due to nuclear spins in GaAs can be strongly suppressed by dynamical nuclear spin polarization and/or by magnetic fields.