Thermodynamics of black holes: an analogy with glasses

TL;DR

This paper explores a non-equilibrium thermodynamic analogy between black holes and glasses, considering Hawking radiation and cosmic background, challenging early universe black hole formation assumptions.

Contribution

It introduces a non-equilibrium thermodynamic framework for black holes inspired by glassy systems, incorporating Hawking radiation and cosmic background effects.

Findings

Black holes can be modeled as non-equilibrium systems similar to glasses.

Hawking evaporation and absorption are integrated into the thermodynamic description.

Black holes likely did not form in the very early universe.

Abstract

The present equilibrium formulation of thermodynamics for black holes has several drawbacks, such as assuming the same temperature for black hole and heat bath. Recently the author formulated non-equilibrium thermodynamics for glassy systems. This approach is applied to black holes, with the cosmic background temperature being the bath temperature, and the Hawking temperature the internal temperature. Both Hawking evaporation and absorption of background radiation are taken into account. It is argued that black holes did not form in the very early universe.