Cold bosonic atoms in optical lattices
D. Jaksch, C. Bruder, J.I. Cirac, C.W. Gardiner, and P. Zoller
TL;DR
This paper investigates the quantum phase transition of ultracold bosonic atoms in optical lattices from superfluid to Mott insulator phases, highlighting how system parameters controlled by laser light influence this transition.
Contribution
It provides a detailed analysis of the superfluid to Mott insulator transition in optical lattices, including effects of harmonic traps and superlattices, using the Bose-Hubbard model.
Findings
Identification of the superfluid-Mott insulator transition at zero temperature.
Examples of Mott structure formation in various optical lattice configurations.
Insights into the control of quantum phases via optical potential depth.
Abstract
The dynamics of an ultracold dilute gas of bosonic atoms in an optical lattice can be described by a Bose-Hubbard model where the system parameters are controlled by laser light. We study the continuous (zero temperature) quantum phase transition from the superfluid to the Mott insulator phase induced by varying the depth of the optical potential, where the Mott insulator phase corresponds to a commensurate filling of the lattice (``optical crystal''). Examples for formation of Mott structures in optical lattices with a superimposed harmonic trap, and in optical superlattices are presented.
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