Quantal Brownian Motion - Dephasing and Dissipation

TL;DR

This paper investigates quantum Brownian motion across different regimes, revealing how quantum effects influence dephasing and dissipation, with implications for understanding coherence loss in complex environments.

Contribution

It introduces a unified model for quantum Brownian motion that captures environment-induced quantum effects beyond traditional models, extending analysis to low temperatures and various motion types.

Findings

Quantum effects cause genuine dephasing effects in disordered environments.

Dephasing rates can differ from dissipation rates depending on conditions.

Semiclassical analysis clarifies coherence loss mechanisms at low temperatures.

Abstract

We analyze quantal Brownian motion in $d$ dimensions using the unified model for diffusion localization and dissipation, and Feynman-Vernon formalism. At high temperatures the propagator possess a Markovian property and we can write down an equivalent Master equation. Unlike the case of the Zwanzig-Caldeira-Leggett model, genuine quantum mechanical effects manifest themselves due to the disordered nature of the environment. Using Wigner picture of the dynamics we distinguish between two different mechanisms for destruction of coherence. The analysis of dephasing is extended to the low temperature regime by using a semiclassical strategy. Various results are derived for ballistic, chaotic, diffusive, both ergodic and non-ergodic motion. We also analyze loss of coherence at the limit of zero temperature and clarify the limitations of the semiclassical approach. The condition for having coherent effect due to scattering by low-frequency fluctuations is also pointed out. It is interesting that the dephasing rate can be either larger or smaller than the dissipation rate, depending on the physical circumstances.