Gravity of Monopole and String and Gravitational Constant in 3He-A

TL;DR

This paper explores how topological defects in superfluid 3He-A mimic gravitational effects, revealing unique properties like negative angle deficit and a temperature-dependent effective gravitational constant.

Contribution

It introduces a model linking superfluid 3He-A topological objects to relativistic gravitational metrics, highlighting novel negative mass effects and temperature-dependent gravity analogs.

Findings

Effective metrics resemble relativistic string and monopole solutions.

Topological objects exhibit negative angle deficit, indicating negative mass.

The effective gravitational constant G varies with temperature, showing vacuum screening.

Abstract

We discuss the effective metric produced in superfluid 3He-A by such topological objects as radial disgyration and monopole. In relativistic theories these metrics are similar to that of the local string and global monopole correspondingly. But in 3He-A they have the negative angle deficit, which corresponds to the negative mass of the topological objects. The effective gravitational constant G in superfluid 3He-A, derived from the comparison with relativistic theories, is inversely proportional to the square of the gap amplitude Delta, which plays the part of the Planck energy cut-off. G depends on temperature and increases with T, which corresponds to the vacuum screening of the Newton's constant.