Phase Diagram of Coupled Ladders

TL;DR

This study maps the phase diagram of isotropic 2-leg t-J ladders, revealing a transition from Nagaoka ferromagnetism to Luttinger liquid behavior with doping, using Lanczos techniques to analyze spin and charge correlations.

Contribution

It provides a comprehensive phase diagram for the isotropic 2-leg t-J ladder, highlighting the transition regions and the nature of the phases based on electron density and J/t ratio.

Findings

Gapless spin and charge behavior for J/t<0.3

Evidence of Luttinger liquid phases in both bands

Hole-hole correlations show repulsion at low J/t

Abstract

The 2-leg t-J ladder forms a spin liquid at half-filling which evolves to a Luther-Emery liquid upon doping. Our aim is to obtain a complete phase diagram for isotropic coupling (i.e. rungs and legs equal) as a function of electron density n and the ratio J/t (>0). Two known limiting cases are: n<1/2 which is a single band Luttinger liquid and small hole doping for J/t close to 0 which is a Nagaoka ferromagnet. Using Lanczos techniques we examine the region between the Nagaoka and Luther-Emery phases for 1>n>1/2. We find evidences for gapless behavior in both spin and charge channels for J/t<0.3 consistent with Luttinger liquids in both bonding and anti-bonding bands (i.e., C2S2). This proposal is based on the behavior of spin and charge correlation functions. For example the hole-hole correlation function which displays hole pairing at larger J/t, shows hole-hole repulsion in this region. As a further test, we examined the dependence of the energy on a relative phase shift between bonding and antibonding bands. For J/t < 0.3 this is very weak, indicating a lack of pairing between these channels.