Low temperature phase diagram and critical behaviour of the four-state chiral clock model

TL;DR

This paper reexamines the low temperature phases of the four-state chiral clock model, corrects previous results, and identifies the universality class of the phase transition as 3d-XY.

Contribution

It provides a corrected low temperature phase diagram and clarifies the universality class of the phase transition in the four-state chiral clock model.

Findings

Corrected low temperature phase diagram.

Identified the phase transition as belonging to the 3d-XY universality class.

Revised previous results on low temperature phases.

Abstract

The low temperature behaviour of the four-state chiral clock ($CC_4$) model is reexamined using a systematic low temperature series expansion of the free energy. Previously obtained results for the low temperature phases are corrected and the low temperature phase diagram is derived. In addition, the phase transition from the modulated region to the high temperature paraphase is shown to belong to the universality class of the 3d-XY model.