Spin-Gap Phase in the One-Dimensional t-J-J' Model

TL;DR

This paper investigates the spin-gap phase in the one-dimensional t-J-J' model using level-crossing analysis, confirming phase boundaries with analytical results and exploring the relation to two-electron solutions.

Contribution

It provides a detailed phase diagram of the spin-gap phase and connects numerical findings with analytical and two-electron problem solutions.

Findings

Phase boundary aligns with analytical results at low J, J'

Spin-gap phase forms a single domain in the phase diagram

Phase boundary coincides with the free-electron behavior line at low density

Abstract

The spin-gap phase of the one-dimensional t-J-J' model is studied by the level-crossing of the singlet and the triplet excitation spectra. The phase boundary obtained between the Tomonaga-Luttinger and the spin-gap phases is remarkably consistent with the analytical results at the $J,J'\to 0$ and the low-density limits discussed by Ogata et al. The spin-gap phase has a single domain in the phase diagram even if the spin gap opens at half-filling. The phase boundary coincides with the $K_{\rho}=1$ line where the Tomonaga-Luttinger liquid behaves as free electrons, in the low-density region. The relation between our method and the solution of the two-electron problem is also discussed.