Critical behavior of a one-dimensional monomer-dimer reaction model with lateral interactions

TL;DR

This study investigates a one-dimensional monomer-dimer reaction model with lateral interactions, revealing different phase transitions and universality classes, including directed percolation and parity-conserving, through mean-field and Monte Carlo analyses.

Contribution

It identifies the critical behavior and universality classes of the model, especially at the bicritical point, highlighting the role of symmetry in phase transition universality.

Findings

First-order phase transition between absorbing states for weak repulsion.

Continuous transitions belonging to directed percolation universality class.

Critical exponents at the bicritical point align with parity-conserving class.

Abstract

A monomer-dimer reaction lattice model with lateral repulsion among the same species is studied using a mean-field analysis and Monte Carlo simulations. For weak repulsions, the model exhibits a first-order irreversible phase transition between two absorbing states saturated by each different species. Increasing the repulsion, a reactive stationary state appears in addition to the saturated states. The irreversible phase transitions from the reactive phase to any of the saturated states are continuous and belong to the directed percolation universality class. However, a different critical behavior is found at the point where the directed percolation phase boundaries meet. The values of the critical exponents calculated at the bicritical point are in good agreement with the exponents corresponding to the parity-conserving universality class. Since the adsorption-reaction processes does not lead to a non-trivial local parity-conserving dynamics, this result confirms that the twofold symmetry between absorbing states plays a relevant role in determining the universality class. The value of the exponent $\delta_2$, which characterizes the fluctuations of an interface at the bicritical point, supports the Bassler-Brown's conjecture which states that this is a new exponent in the parity-conserving universality class.