Thermal dephasing and the echo effect in a confined Bose-Einstein condensate

TL;DR

This paper investigates how thermal fluctuations cause reversible dephasing of collective modes in a confined Bose-Einstein condensate, with calculations matching experimental rates and proposing the echo effect as a test for reversibility.

Contribution

It introduces a detailed calculation of thermal dephasing rates in isotropic traps and explores the reversible nature of damping via the echo effect in Bose-Einstein condensates.

Findings

Dephasing rate has a steep temperature dependence.

Calculated dephasing rate aligns with experimental data.

Reversible damping can be tested through the echo effect.

Abstract

It is shown that thermal fluctuations of the normal component induce dephasing -- reversible damping of the low energy collective modes of a confined Bose-Einstein condensate. The dephasing rate is calculated for the isotropic oscillator trap, where Landau damping is expected to be suppressed. This rate is characterized by a steep temperature dependence, and it is weakly amplitude dependent. In the limit of large numbers of bosons forming the condensate, the rate approaches zero. However, for the numbers employed by the JILA group, the calculated value of the rate is close to the experimental one. We suggest that a reversible nature of the damping caused by the thermal dephasing in the isotropic trap can be tested by the echo effect. A reversible nature of Landau damping is also discussed, and a possibility of observing the echo effect in an anisotropic trap is considered as well. The parameters of the echo are calculated in the weak echo limit for the isotropic trap. Results of the numerical simulations of the echo are also presented.