Evaporation and Condensation of Clusters

TL;DR

This paper develops a combined statistical and quantum mechanical approach to study how surrounding matter affects cluster properties, including evaporation and condensation processes, with high accuracy in energy calculations.

Contribution

It introduces a novel method integrating statistical and quantum mechanics to accurately analyze cluster energy and phase transitions under strong interactions.

Findings

Cluster energy can be calculated with high precision using controlled perturbation theory.

Spectral distribution is derived by minimizing conditional entropy.

Increasing thermostat temperature depletes bound states, defining evaporation temperature.

Abstract

Influence of surrounding matter on the properties of clusters is considered by an approach combining the methods of statistical and quantum mechanics. A cluster is treated as a bound N-particle system and surrounding matter as thermostat. It is shown that, despite arbitrary strong interactions between particles, cluster energy can be calculated by using the controlled perturbation theory. The accuracy of the latter is found to be much higher than that of the quasiclassical approximation. Spectral distribution is obtained by minimizing conditional entropy. Increasing the thermostat temperature leads to the depletion of bound states. The characteristic temperature when bound states become essentially depleated defines the temperature of cluster evaporation. The inverse process of lowering the thermostate temperature, yielding the filling of bound states, corresponds to cluster condensation.