Mixed phases in U(N) superconductivity
M. A. Moore, T. J. Newman, A. J. Bray, S-K. Chin
TL;DR
This paper investigates complex vortex lattice structures in multi-component U(N) superconductors, providing detailed analysis for N=2 and resolving a controversy in the N->infinity limit.
Contribution
It introduces a comprehensive analysis of mixed phases in U(N) superconductors, including the N=2 case and clarifies the behavior as N approaches infinity.
Findings
Distinct lattice structures for each order parameter in N=2 case
Resolution of previous controversies in the N->infinity limit
Identification of complex spatial variations in the condensate
Abstract
We consider a general class of type-II superconductors which are described by N complex order parameters (OP), with an overall U(N) symmetry for the energy functional. In the lowest energy state, each OP adopts its own particular lattice structure, making the spatial variation of the overall condensate very complex. We present detailed results for the case N=2. We also treat the limit N -> infinity, which allows us to resolve a recent controversy, by showing that all previous studies are fundamentally flawed.
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