Eu-Eu exchange interaction and Eu distribution in Pb_(1-x)Eu_(x)Te from magnetization steps

TL;DR

This study investigates Eu-Eu magnetic interactions in Pb_{1-x}Eu_{x}Te, revealing antiferromagnetic exchange and non-random Eu distribution, with implications for understanding magnetic properties in dilute magnetic semiconductors.

Contribution

The paper provides new experimental data on Eu-Eu exchange interactions and introduces improved simulations accounting for larger clusters, revealing non-random Eu distributions.

Findings

Eu-Eu exchange constant J/k_B = -0.264 K

Eu ions tend to cluster rather than distribute randomly

Magnetic behavior consistent with nearest-neighbor exchange J_1

Abstract

The magnetization of Pb_{1-x}Eu_{x}Te samples with x = 1.9, 2.6 and 6.0% was measured at 20 mK in fields up to 50 kOe, and at 0.6 K in fields up to 180 kOe. The 20 mK data show the magnetization steps (MSTs) arising from pairs and from triplets. The pair MSTs are used to obtain the dominant Eu-Eu antiferromagnetic exchange constant, J/k_{B} = -0.264 \pm 0.018 K. The exchange constant for triplets is the same. Comparison of the magnetization curves with theoretical simulations indicates that the Eu ions are not randomly distributed over all the cation sites. The deviation from a random distribution is much smaller if J is assumed to be the nearest-neighbor exchange constant J_{1} rather than the next-nearest-neighbor exchange constant J_{2}. On this basis, J is tentatively identified as J_{1}. To obtain agreement with the data, it must be assumed that the Eu ions tend to bunch together. Comparision with microprobe data indicates that the length scale for these concentration variations is smaller than a few micrometer. The theoretical simulations in the present work improve on those performed earlier by including clusters larger than three spins.