Coulomb charging energy for arbitrary tunneling strength
Xiaohui Wang, Reinhold Egger, Hermann Grabert

TL;DR
This paper uses Monte Carlo simulations to study the Coulomb charging energy of a metallic island across different tunneling strengths, validating analytical models and identifying their applicable regimes.
Contribution
It provides a comprehensive numerical analysis of Coulomb energy for arbitrary tunneling, bridging perturbative and semiclassical analytical results.
Findings
Monte Carlo results agree with perturbative theory at low tunneling conductance.
Data approach semiclassical results at high tunneling conductance.
The study delineates the validity range of analytical models.
Abstract
The Coulomb energy of a small metallic island coupled to an electrode by a tunnel junction is investigated. We employ Monte Carlo simulations to determine the effective charging energy for arbitrary tunneling strength. For small tunneling conductance, the data agree with analytical results based on a perturbative treatment of electron tunneling, while for very strong tunneling recent semiclassical results for large conductance are approached. The data allow for an identification of the range of validity of various analytical predictions.
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