Normalization factors for magnetic relaxation of small particle systems in non-zero magnetic field

TL;DR

This paper presents a method for normalizing magnetic relaxation data in small particle systems under non-zero magnetic fields, enabling accurate comparison across different temperatures without assuming specific energy barrier distributions.

Contribution

It introduces a normalization technique derived from the $T abla(t/ au_0)$ scaling method that does not rely on prior assumptions about the energy barrier distribution.

Findings

Normalization factors can be obtained from experimental data.

The method is validated using Fe_3O_4 ferrofluid.

Proper normalization improves comparison of relaxation curves.

Abstract

We critically discuss relaxation experiments in magnetic systems that can be characterized in terms of an energy barrier distribution, showing that proper normalization of the relaxation data is needed whenever curves corresponding to different temperatures are to be compared. We show how these normalization factors can be obtained from experimental data by using the $T \ln(t/\tau_0)$ scaling method without making any assumptions about the nature of the energy barrier distribution. The validity of the procedure is tested using a ferrofluid of Fe_3O_4 particles.