Towards granular hydrodynamics in two-dimensions

TL;DR

This paper investigates steady-state behaviors of inelastic gases in two dimensions, extending hydrodynamic models to include coexistence of different density regions and analyzing conditions for asymmetric velocity distributions.

Contribution

It generalizes hydrodynamic treatments to account for high and low density regions and compares theoretical predictions with simulations in nearly elastic regimes.

Findings

Hydrodynamic models successfully describe steady states with density coexistence.

Asymmetric velocity distributions can occur in nonequilibrium steady states.

Theoretical predictions align well with numerical simulations in specific limits.

Abstract

We study steady-state properties of inelastic gases in two-dimensions in the presence of an energy source. We generalize previous hydrodynamic treatments to situations where high and low density regions coexist. The theoretical predictions compare well with numerical simulations in the nearly elastic limit. It is also seen that the system can achieve a nonequilibrium steady-state with asymmetric velocity distributions, and we discuss the conditions under which such situations occur.