Confinement of Spin and Charge in High-Temperature Superconductors

TL;DR

This paper demonstrates that spin and charge degrees of freedom in high-temperature superconductors are confined due to gauge invariance, influencing their electronic properties and potentially explaining observed Hall anomalies.

Contribution

It reveals the confinement mechanism of spin and charge in 2D high-temperature superconductors and links it to experimental Hall effect anomalies.

Findings

Confinement of spin and charge affects superconducting properties.

Confinement prevents spin-fluctuations from disrupting the crossover regimes.

Negative Hall anomaly is connected to confinement effects.

Abstract

By exploiting the internal gauge-invariance intrinsic to a spin-charge separated electron, we show that such degrees of freedom must be confined in two-dimensional superconductors experiencing strong inter-electron repulsion. We also demonstrate that incipient confinement in the normal state can prevent chiral spin-fluctuations from destroying the cross-over between strange and psuedo-gap regimes in under-doped high-temperature superconductors. Last, we suggest that the negative Hall anomaly observed in these materials is connected with this confinement effect.