Vortex Dynamics in Superfluid Systems: Cyclotron Type Motion

TL;DR

This paper explores vortex motion in superfluids, revealing cyclotron-like behavior influenced by phonon interactions and particle trapping, with implications for superconducting vortex dynamics.

Contribution

It introduces a detailed analysis of vortex cyclotron motion, including damping effects and the impact of particle trapping, extending understanding of vortex behavior in superfluid and superconducting systems.

Findings

Vortex natural motion is of cyclotron type with frequency related to phonon velocity and coherence length.

Phonon radiation can heavily damp vortex cyclotron motion.

Trapping particles reduces damping and modifies vortex dynamics.

Abstract

Vortex dynamics in superfluids is investigated in the framework of the nonlinear Schr\"{o}dinger equation. The natural motion of the vortex is of cyclotron type, whose frequency is found to be on the order of phonon velocity divided by the coherence length, and may be heavily damped due to phonon radiation. Trapping foreign particles into the vortex core can reduce the cyclotron frequency and make the cyclotron motion underdamped. The density fluctuations can follow the vortex motion adiabatically within the phonon wave length at the cyclotron frequency, which results in a further downward renormalization of the cyclotron frequency. We have also discussed applications on the dynamics of vortices in superconducting films.