Detection of pairing from the extended Aharonov-Bohm period in strongly correlated electron systems

TL;DR

This paper proposes a method to detect electron pairing in strongly correlated systems by analyzing the extended Aharonov-Bohm flux dependence, supported by Bethe-ansatz and numerical analyses of Hubbard and t-J models.

Contribution

It introduces a novel flux dependence approach in the extended zone scheme to identify bound electron states in correlated systems.

Findings

Electron pairing halves the Aharonov-Bohm flux period.

Bethe-ansatz analysis confirms the flux pairing signature.

Numerical simulations support the flux dependence as a pairing indicator.

Abstract

Inspired from Sutherland's work [Phys. Rev. Lett. {\bf 74}, 816 (1995)] on detecting bound spin waves, we propose that bound electron states can be detected from the dependence of interacting electron systems to the Aharonov-Bohm flux in the `extended zone' scheme, where the electron pairing halves the original period $N_a$ flux quanta in a system of linear size $N_a$. Along with the Bethe-ansatz analysis, a numerical implementation for keeping track of the adiabatic flow of energy levels is applied to the attractive/repulsive Hubbard models and the $t-J$ ladder.