Critical Dynamics of Magnets

TL;DR

This review synthesizes recent experimental and theoretical advances in understanding the critical dynamics of magnets, emphasizing the role of dipole interactions and comparing various measurement techniques.

Contribution

It provides a comprehensive analysis of the effects of dipolar interactions on critical magnetic dynamics, integrating recent theoretical models with experimental data.

Findings

Dipolar interactions significantly influence critical dynamics in magnets.

Theoretical models align well with experimental results across techniques.

Dipolar anisotropies affect magnetic order and spin-wave spectra in low-dimensional systems.

Abstract

We review our current understanding of the critical dynamics of magnets above and below the transition temperature with focus on the effects due to the dipole--dipole interaction present in all real magnets. Significant progress in our understanding of real ferromagnets in the vicinity of the critical point has been made in the last decade through improved experimental techniques and theoretical advances in taking into account realistic spin-spin interactions. We start our review with a discussion of the theoretical results for the critical dynamics based on recent renormalization group, mode coupling and spin wave theories. A detailed comparison is made of the theory with experimental results obtained by different measuring techniques, such as neutron scattering, hyperfine interaction, muon--spin--resonance, electron--spin--resonance, and magnetic relaxation, in various materials. Furthermore we discuss the effects of dipolar interaction on the critical dynamics of three--dimensional isotropic antiferromagnets and uniaxial ferromagnets. Special attention is also paid to a discussion of the consequences of dipolar anisotropies on the existence of magnetic order and the spin--wave spectrum in two--dimensional ferromagnets and antiferromagnets. We close our review with a formulation of critical dynamics in terms of nonlinear Langevin equations.