Electronic thermal conductivity and the Wiedemann-Franz law for unconventional superconductors

TL;DR

This paper uses quasiclassical theory to analyze electronic thermal conductivity in unconventional superconductors, revealing universal low-temperature behavior and a modified Wiedemann-Franz law influenced by impurity scattering.

Contribution

It provides a detailed theoretical framework for understanding thermal transport and the Wiedemann-Franz law in unconventional superconductors with impurity effects.

Findings

Certain eigenvalues of the thermal conductivity tensor are universal at low temperatures.

The Lorenz ratio obeys a modified Wiedemann-Franz law at low temperatures.

The Lorenz ratio deviates from the Sommerfeld value at intermediate temperatures depending on scattering.

Abstract

We use the quasiclassical theory of superconductivity to calculate the electronic contribution to the thermal conductivity. The theory is formulated for low temperatures when heat transport is limited by electron scattering from random defects and for superconductors with nodes in the order parameter. We show that certain eigenvalues of the thermal conductivity tensor are universal at low temperature, $k_B T\ll \gamma$, where $\gamma$ is the bandwidth of impurity bound states in the superconducting phase. The components of the electrical and thermal conductivity also obey a Wiedemann-Franz law with the Lorenz ratio, $L(T)=\kappa/\sigma T$, given by the Sommerfeld value of $L_{\!S}=({\pi^2}/{3})(k_B/e)^2$ for $k_BT\ll\gamma$. For intermediate temperatures the Lorenz ratio deviates significantly from $L_{\!S}$, and is strongly dependent on the scattering cross section, and qualitatively different for resonant vs.\ nonresonant scattering. We include comparisons with other theoretical calculations and the thermal conductivity data for the high $T_c$ cuprate and heavy fermion superconductors.