Microwave--Driven SET--Box with Superconducting Island

TL;DR

This paper investigates how high-frequency microwave irradiation affects the charge behavior in a superconducting single-electron tunneling box, revealing a transition from 2e to 1e periodicity influenced by temperature and irradiation.

Contribution

It demonstrates the microwave-driven transition from 2e to 1e periodicity in a superconducting SET-box, extending understanding of charge dynamics under high-frequency irradiation.

Findings

Microwave irradiation modifies charge periodicity in the SET-box.

Transition from 2e to 1e periodicity occurs with increased temperature or irradiation amplitude.

Charge characteristics differ from those in voltage-driven SET-boxes.

Abstract

The effect of a high--frequency microwave irradiation on the averaged stationary charge in a single--electron tunneling box (SET--box) with superconducting island is investigated. The resulting $\langle Q\rangle$--$Q_g$ characteristics are modified compared with those from the well--known constant voltage--driven box. It can be shown that there is a cross--over from the 2e--periodic regime in $Q_g$ corresponding to the parity effect to 1e--periodic behavior not only with increasing temperature but also with increasing irradiation amplitude.