The three-state Potts model on a triangular lattice

TL;DR

This paper investigates the phase diagram of the three-state Potts model on a triangular lattice with various interactions, revealing critical phases, phase transitions, and symmetry properties through analytical and Monte Carlo methods.

Contribution

It provides a comprehensive analysis of the phase transitions and critical behavior of the three-state Potts model with general interactions on a triangular lattice, including new analytical critical indices.

Findings

Existence of a critical phase for finite antiferromagnetic interactions.

First-order transition from ordered to critical phase in certain interaction regimes.

Symmetry analysis linking ground states to the $n=3$ ferromagnetic cubic model.

Abstract

We study the phase diagram of the three-state Potts model on a triangular lattice with general interactions (ferro/antiferromagnetic) between nearest neighbor spins. When the interactions along two lattice-vector directions are antiferromagnetic and infinitely strong, this model becomes equivalent to a six-vertex model and exhibits a first-order (KDP) transition from an ordered phase into a critical phase. Comparing the excitations occurred by relaxing the restriction of infinite-strength interactions and those in the eight-vertex model, we analytically obtain the critical index for those excitations and demonstrate the existence of a critical phase for the case of finite antiferromagnetic interactions in two directions and ferromagnetic interactions in the other direction. When the interactions are antiferromagnetic in all three directions, Monte Carlo simulations show that a first-order line emerges from the KDP point and separates completely an ordered phase and a disordered phase. Along the special line where all three antiferromagnetic interactions have the same strength, the cell-spin analysis reveals that the symmetry of the ground states is dual to the symmetry of the $n=3$ ferromagnetic cubic model which is known to exhibit a first-order phase transition.