TL;DR
This paper uses molecular dynamics simulations to explore how heaps form in granular media under oscillating and shear conditions, highlighting the role of static friction and shear dynamics.
Contribution
It introduces a new understanding of heap formation mechanisms in granular systems, emphasizing the importance of static friction and shear-induced effects.
Findings
Heaps form due to net downward shear caused by sidewalls.
Static friction is essential for stable heap formation.
Two mechanisms for heap formation are identified.
Abstract
Using molecular dynamics (MD) simulations, we find the formation of heaps in a system of granular particles contained in a box with oscillating bottom and fixed sidewalls. The simulation includes the effect of static friction, which is found to be crucial in maintaining a stable heap. We also find another mechanism for heap formation in systems under constant vertical shear. In both systems, heaps are formed due to a net downward shear by the sidewalls. We discuss the origin of net downward shear for the vibration induced heap.
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