The rise of graphene

TL;DR

Graphene, a one-atom-thick material, has rapidly advanced in physics and applications, showcasing unique electronic properties and enabling new paradigms in condensed matter physics, with promising future commercial potential.

Contribution

This paper highlights the fundamental physics and potential applications of graphene, emphasizing its role in establishing a new paradigm of relativistic condensed matter physics.

Findings

Graphene exhibits exceptional electronic quality.

It enables simulation of relativistic quantum phenomena.

Potential for diverse applications in materials science.

Abstract

Graphene is a rapidly rising star on the horizon of materials science and condensed matter physics. This strictly two-dimensional material exhibits exceptionally high crystal and electronic quality and, despite its short history, has already revealed a cornucopia of new physics and potential applications, which are briefly discussed here. Whereas one can be certain of the realness of applications only when commercial products appear, graphene no longer requires any further proof of its importance in terms of fundamental physics. Owing to its unusual electronic spectrum, graphene has led to the emergence of a new paradigm of 'relativistic' condensed matter physics, where quantum relativistic phenomena, some of which are unobservable in high energy physics, can now be mimicked and tested in table-top experiments. More generally, graphene represents a conceptually new class of materials that are only one atom thick and, on this basis, offers new inroads into low-dimensional physics that has never ceased to surprise and continues to provide a fertile ground for applications.