Clausius-Mossotti approximation in the theory of polar materials

TL;DR

This paper extends the Clausius-Mossotti approximation to analyze magnetic and electric properties of composite materials with ellipsoidal inclusions, providing new models for magnetic moments, cavitation, and conductivity.

Contribution

It introduces a generalized model for magnetic and electric properties of ellipsoidal inclusions in various media, including applications to superconductors and nanofibers.

Findings

Calculated magnetic moments and fields in ellipsoidal samples.

Modeled cavitation phenomena in ferromagnetic pores.

Analyzed electric conductivity and field concentrations in composites.

Abstract

Clausius-Mossotti approximation is extended to describe the measured magnetic moment of an ellipsoidal sample containing magnetic or nonmagnetic ellipsoidal inclusions and magnetic or nonmagnetic matrix. The magnetic field in the matrix and inclusions is calculated. The magnetic energy of a system is calculated also. The equilibrium shape of a pore in a ferromagnetic sample is investigated. The phenomenon of cavitation in porous ferromagnetic samples is described. The model is applied to calculate magnetic properties of granular superconductors. The effective electric conductivity of a sample of a composite material, containing an arbitrary number of differently ordered distributions of ellipsoidal inclusions is calculated. Effective conductivity of a composite material, consisting of fibers of high conductivity and a matrix of low conductivity is discussed. Concentrated electric field in the vicinity of the ends of a conductive nanofiber in a composite material is calculated. The high quantity of this field is of an extreme importance to provide the proper functioning of monitors, based on conductive nanofibers in dielectric media.